Table for classification of Nueral tube defects

Radiocontrast media in Radiology

Delineation of soft tissue structures can be made by use of contrast media with CT scan. Iodinated contrast: 1.Ionic monomers:(high osmolar contrast) Amidotriazoate,iothalamate,iothalamate 2.ionic dimers(low osmolar contrast agent) Ioxoglate 3.non ionic monomers: iohexal,iopentol,ioxilan,iomperal,iversal,iopromide,iobitridol, 4.non ionic dimers(iso osmolar contrast agents)iotrolan,iodixanol Barium contrast agents 1.barium swallow 2.barium meal follow through 3.barium enema **In tracheo oesophagial fistula and oesophagial atresia DIANOSIL **GASTROGRAFFIN is preferred in perforation peritonitis and intestinal obstruction.

KERLEY LINES OR SEPTAL LINES

kerley A lines: seen near Apex unbranched Kerley B lines: seen at the base and unbranched Kerley C lines : seen in Central and perihilar region Most common are Kerley b lines Kerley b lines are found in pulmonary venous hypertension And in conditions causing dilated lymphatics eg: lymphangitis carcinomatosis, MS ,LVF , Interstial lung diseases. Image courtesy : www.radiopedia.org

Loosers zones in Radiology

Loosers zones or psuedo fractures pathognomonic for osteomalacia. However it is also seen rarely in pagets disease Fibrous dysplasia Hyperparathyroidism Renal osteodystrophy Hyperphospatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta

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