Meditimes

Loosers zones or psuedo fractures pathognomonic for osteomalacia. However it is also seen rarely in pagets disease Fibrous dysplasia Hyperparathyroidism Renal osteodystrophy Hyperphospatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta

1.small bowel obstruction 2.fibromuscular dysplasia 3 chronic pancreatitis

kerley A lines: seen near Apex unbranched Kerley B lines: seen at the base and unbranched Kerley C lines : seen in Central and perihilar region Most common are Kerley b lines  Kerley b lines are found in pulmonary venous hypertension And in conditions causing dilated lymphatics eg: lymphangitis carcinomatosis, MS ,LVF , Interstial lung diseases. Image courtesy : www.radiopedia.org

Delineation of soft tissue structures can be made by use of contrast media with CT scan. Iodinated contrast: 1.Ionic monomers:(high osmolar contrast) Amidotriazoate,iothalamate,iothalamate 2.ionic dimers(low osmolar contrast agent) Ioxoglate 3.non ionic monomers: iohexal,iopentol,ioxilan,iomperal,iversal,iopromide,iobitridol, 4.non ionic dimers(iso osmolar contrast agents)iotrolan,iodixanol Barium contrast agents 1.barium swallow 2.barium meal follow through 3.barium enema **In tracheo oesophagial fistula and oesophagial atresia DIANOSIL **GASTROGRAFFIN is preferred in perforation peritonitis and intestinal obstruction.